Insert Username in HTTP Headers
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
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- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Keys and Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
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- Traffic Log Fields
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- Monitor Transceivers
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- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
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- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
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- Applications with Implicit Support
- Application Level Gateways
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- Best Practices for Securing Your Network from Layer 4 and Layer 7 Evasions
- Set Up Antivirus, Anti-Spyware, and Vulnerability Protection
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
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- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
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- How Decryption Broker Works
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- About Palo Alto Networks URL Filtering Solution
- How Advanced URL Filtering Works
- URL Filtering Inline ML
- URL Filtering Use Cases
- Plan Your URL Filtering Deployment
- URL Filtering Best Practices
- Activate The Advanced URL Filtering Subscription
- Test URL Filtering Configuration
- Configure URL Filtering
- Configure URL Filtering Inline ML
- Log Only the Page a User Visits
- Create a Custom URL Category
- URL Category Exceptions
- Use an External Dynamic List in a URL Filtering Profile
- Allow Password Access to Certain Sites
- URL Filtering Response Pages
- Customize the URL Filtering Response Pages
- HTTP Header Logging
- Request to Change the Category for a URL
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
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- DNS Overview
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- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
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- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
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- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
- Dynamic DNS Overview
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- NAT Rule Capacities
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
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- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Test Policy Rules
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- Network Segmentation Using Zones
- How Do Zones Protect the Network?
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
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- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
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- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
-
- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
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- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
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- Enable Advanced Routing
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
End-of-Life (EoL)
Insert Username in HTTP Headers
Configure the firewall to include the domain and username
in the traffic headers to allow other appliances to receive user
identification information.
When you configure a secondary enforcement
appliance with your Palo Alto Networks firewall to enforce user-based
policy, the secondary appliance may not have the IP address-to-username
mapping from the firewall. Transmitting user information to downstream
appliances may require deployment of additional appliances such
as proxies or negatively impact the user’s experience (for example,
users having to log in multiple times). By sharing the user's identity
in the HTTP headers, you can enforce user-based policy without negatively
impacting the user's experience or deploying additional infrastructure.
When
you configure this feature, apply the URL profile to your Security
policy, and commit your changes, the firewall:
- Populates the user and domain values with the format of the primary username in the group mapping for the source user.
- Encodes this information using Base64.
- Adds the Base64-encoded header to the payload.
- Routes the traffic to the downstream appliance.
If
you want to include the username and domain only when the user accesses specific
domains, configure a domain list and the firewall inserts the header
only when a domain in the list matches the Host header of the HTTP
request.
To share user information with downstream appliances,
you must first enable User-ID and configure group mapping.
To
include the username and domain in headers for HTTPS traffic, you
must first create a decryption profile to
decrypt HTTPS traffic.
To include
the username and domain in the header, the firewall requires the
IP address-to-username mapping for the user. If the user is not
mapped, the firewall inserts unknown in
Base64 encoding for both the domain and username in the header.
This feature supports forward-proxy
decryption traffic.
- Create or edit a URL
Filtering Profile.The firewall does not insert headers if the action for the URL filtering profile is block for the domain.
- Create or edit an HTTP header insertion
entry using predefined types. You can define up to five headers for each profile.
- Select Dynamic Fields as the header Type.
- Add the Domains where you want insert headers. When the user accesses a domain in the list, the firewall inserts the specified header.
- Add a new Header or select X-Authenticated-User to edit it.
- Select a header Value format (either ($domain)\($user) or WinNT://($domain)/($user))
or enter your own format using the ($domain) and ($user) dynamic
tokens (for example, ($user)@($domain) for UserPrincipalName).Do not use the same dynamic token (either ($user) or ($domain)) more than once per value.Each value can be up to 512 characters. The firewall populates the ($user) and ($domain) dynamic tokens using the primary username in the group mapping profile. For example:
- If the primary username is the sAMAccountName, the value for ($user) is the sAMAccountName and the value for ($domain) is the NetBios domain name.
- If the primary username is the UserPrincipalName, the ($user) the user account name (prefix) and the ($domain) is the Domain Name System (DNS) name.
- (Optional) Select Log to enable logging for the header insertion.
- Apply the URL filtering profile to the security policy rule for HTTP or HTTPS traffic.
- Select OK twice to confirm the HTTP header configuration.
- Commit your changes.
- Verify the firewall includes the username and domain
in the HTTP headers.
- Use the show user user-ids all command to verify the group mapping is correct.
- Use the show counter global name ctd_header_insert command to view the number of HTTP headers inserted by the firewall.
- If you configured logging in Step 7, check the logs for the inserted Base64 encoded payload (for example, corpexample\testuser would appear in the logs as Y29ycGV4YW1wbGVcdGVzdHVzZXI=).