Classified Versus Aggregate DoS Protection
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
- Configure Banners, Message of the Day, and Logos
- Use the Administrator Login Activity Indicators to Detect Account Misuse
- Manage and Monitor Administrative Tasks
- Commit, Validate, and Preview Firewall Configuration Changes
- Export Configuration Table Data
- Use Global Find to Search the Firewall or Panorama Management Server
- Manage Locks for Restricting Configuration Changes
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
- Provide Granular Access to the Monitor Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Policy Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Objects Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Network Tab
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- Define User Privacy Settings in the Admin Role Profile
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- Provide Granular Access to Global Settings
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- Panorama Web Interface Access Privileges
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
- Configure SAML Authentication
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- Configure TACACS+ Authentication
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- Troubleshoot Authentication Issues
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- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
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- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Configure an SSH Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with ARP Load-Sharing
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- HA Clustering Overview
- HA Clustering Best Practices and Provisioning
- Configure HA Clustering
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
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- Use the Dashboard
- Monitor Applications and Threats
- Monitor Block List
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- Report Types
- View Reports
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- Configure Syslog Monitoring
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- Traffic Log Fields
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- Firewall Interface Identifiers in SNMP Managers and NetFlow Collectors
- Monitor Transceivers
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- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
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- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
- Application Level Gateways
- Disable the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG)
- Maintain Custom Timeouts for Data Center Applications
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- Best Practices for Securing Your Network from Layer 4 and Layer 7 Evasions
- Set Up Antivirus, Anti-Spyware, and Vulnerability Protection
- Set Up File Blocking
- Prevent Brute Force Attacks
- Customize the Action and Trigger Conditions for a Brute Force Signature
- Enable Evasion Signatures
- Monitor Blocked IP Addresses
- Threat Signature Categories
- Create Threat Exceptions
- Custom Signatures
- Share Threat Intelligence with Palo Alto Networks
- Threat Prevention Resources
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- TLSv1.3 Decryption
- High Availability Support for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
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- How Decryption Broker Works
- Layer 3 Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with One or More Layer 3 Security Chain
- Transparent Bridge Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with a Single Transparent Bridge Security Chain
- Configure Decryption Broker with Multiple Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
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- About Palo Alto Networks URL Filtering Solution
- How Advanced URL Filtering Works
- URL Filtering Inline ML
- URL Filtering Use Cases
- Plan Your URL Filtering Deployment
- URL Filtering Best Practices
- Activate The Advanced URL Filtering Subscription
- Test URL Filtering Configuration
- Configure URL Filtering
- Configure URL Filtering Inline ML
- Log Only the Page a User Visits
- Create a Custom URL Category
- URL Category Exceptions
- Use an External Dynamic List in a URL Filtering Profile
- Allow Password Access to Certain Sites
- URL Filtering Response Pages
- Customize the URL Filtering Response Pages
- HTTP Header Logging
- Request to Change the Category for a URL
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
- Virtual Routers
- Service Routes
- RIP
- Route Redistribution
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
- Dynamic DNS Overview
- Configure Dynamic DNS for Firewall Interfaces
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Test Policy Rules
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- Network Segmentation Using Zones
- How Do Zones Protect the Network?
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
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- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
- Configure BGP on an Advanced Routing Engine
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- Create OSPFv3 Routing Profiles
- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
End-of-Life (EoL)
Classified Versus Aggregate DoS Protection
Protect groups of devices with aggregate DoS protection
and protect critical individual devices with classified DoS protection.
You can configure aggregate and classified DoS Protection Profiles, and apply
one profile or one of each type of profile to DoS Protection Policy Rules when you configure DoS Protection.
- Aggregate—Sets thresholds that apply to the entire group of devices specified in a DoS Protection policy rule instead of to each individual device, so one device could receive the majority of the allowed connection traffic. For example, a Max Rate of 20,000 CPS means the total CPS for the group is 20,000, and an individual device can receive up to 20,000 CPS if other devices don’t have connections. Aggregate DoS Protection policies provide another layer of broad protection (after your dedicated DDoS device at the internet perimeter and Zone Protection profiles) for a particular group of critical devices when you want to apply extra constraints on specific subnets, users, or services.
- Classified—Sets flood thresholds that apply to each individual device specified in a DoS Protection policy rule. For example, if you set an Max Rate of 5,000 CPS, each device specified in the rule can accept up to 5,000 CPS before it drops new connections. If you apply a classified DoS Protection policy rule to more than one device, the devices governed by the rule should be similar in terms of capacity and how you want to control their CPS rates because classified thresholds apply to each individual device. Classified profiles protect individual critical resources.When you configure a DoS Protection policy rule with a classified DoS Protection profile (Option/ProtectionClassifiedAddress), use the Address field to specify whether incoming connections count toward the profile thresholds based on matching the source-ip-only, destination-ip-only, or scr-dest-ip-both (the firewall counts both the source and the destination IP addresses matches toward the thresholds). Counters consume resources, so the way you count address matches affects firewall resource consumption. You can use classified DoS protection to:
- Protect critical individual devices, especially servers that users access from the internet and are often attack targets, such as web servers, database servers, and DNS servers. Set appropriate flood and resource protection thresholds in a classified DoS Protection profile. Create a DoS Protection policy rule that applies the profile to each server’s IP address by adding the IP addresses as the rule’s destination criteria, and set the Address to destination-ip-only.Do not use source-IP-only or src-dest-ip-both classification for internet-facing zones in classified DoS Protection policy rules because the firewall doesn’t have the capacity to store counters for every possible IP address on the internet. Increment the threshold counter for source IPs only for internal zone or same-zone rules. In perimeter zones, use destination-ip-only.
- Monitor the CPS rate for a suspect host or group of hosts (the zone that contains the hosts cannot be internet-facing). Set an appropriate alarm threshold in a classified DoS Protection profile to notify you if a host initiates an unusually large number of connections. Create a DoS Protection policy rule that applies the profile to the individual source or source address group and set the Address to source-ip-only. Investigate hosts that initiate enough new connections to set off the alarm.
How you configure the Address (source-ip-only, destination-ip-only,
or src-dest-ip-both) for classified profiles
depends on your DoS protection goals, what you are protecting, and
whether the protected device(s) are in internet-facing zones.
The firewall uses more resources to track src-dest-ip-both as
the Address than to track source-IP-only or destination-ip-only because
the counters consume resources for both the source and destination
IP addresses instead of just one of the two.
If you apply both an aggregate and a classified DoS Protection
profile to the same DoS Protection policy rule, the firewall applies the
aggregate profile first and then applies the classified profile
if needed. For example, we protect a group of five web servers with both
types of profiles in a DoS Protection policy rule. The aggregate
profile configuration drops new connections when the combined total
for the group reaches a Max Rate of 25,000
CPS. The classified profile configuration drops new connections to
any individual web server in the group when it reaches a Max
Rate of 6,000 CPS. There are three scenarios where new
connection traffic crosses Max Rate thresholds:
- The new CPS rate exceeds the aggregate Max Rate but doesn’t exceed the classified Max Rate. In this scenario, the firewall applies the aggregate profile and blocks all new connections for the configured Block Duration.
- The new CPS rate doesn’t exceed the aggregate Max Rate, but the CPS to one of the web servers exceeds the classified Max Rate. In this scenario, the firewall checks the aggregate profile and finds that the rate for the group is less than 25,000 CPS, so the firewall doesn’t block new connections based on that. Next, the firewall checks the classified profile and finds that the rate for a particular server exceeds 6,000 CPS. The firewall applies the classified profile and blocks new connections to that particular server for the configured Block Duration. Because the other servers in the group are within the classified profile’s Max Rate, their traffic is not affected.
- The new CPS rate exceeds the aggregate Max Rate and also exceeds the classified Max Rate for one of the web servers. In this scenario, the firewall checks the aggregate profile and finds that the rate for the group exceeds 25,000 CPS, so the firewall blocks new connections to limit the group’s total CPS. The firewall then checks the classified profile and finds that the rate for a particular server exceeds 6,000 CPS (so the aggregate profile enforced the group’s combined limit, but that wasn’t enough to protect this particular server). The firewall applies the classified profile and blocks new connections to that particular server for the configured Block Duration. Because the other servers in the group are within the classified profile’s Max Rate, their traffic is not affected.
If you want both an aggregate and a classified DoS Protection
profile to apply to the same traffic, you must apply both profiles
to the same DoS Protection policy rule. If you apply the aggregate
profile to one rule and the classified profile to a different rule,
even if they specify exactly the same traffic, the firewall can
apply only one profile because when the traffic matches the first
DoS Protection policy rule, the firewall executes the Action specified
in that rule and doesn’t compare to the traffic to any subsequent
rules, so the traffic never matches the second rule and the firewall
can’t apply its action. (This is the same way that Security policy
rules work.)