Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
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- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
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- Management Interfaces
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- Launch the Web Interface
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- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
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- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
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- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
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- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
- Export a Certificate and Private Key
- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
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- HA Overview
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- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
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- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
- Reference: HA Synchronization
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- User-ID Overview
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- App-ID Overview
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- Apply Tags to an Application Filter
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- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
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- Best Practices for Securing Your Network from Layer 4 and Layer 7 Evasions
- Set Up Antivirus, Anti-Spyware, and Vulnerability Protection
- Set Up File Blocking
- Prevent Brute Force Attacks
- Customize the Action and Trigger Conditions for a Brute Force Signature
- Enable Evasion Signatures
- Monitor Blocked IP Addresses
- Threat Signature Categories
- Create Threat Exceptions
- Custom Signatures
- Threat Prevention Resources
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- Decryption Overview
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- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Decryption Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- High Availability Support for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
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- How Decryption Broker Works
- Layer 3 Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with One or More Layer 3 Security Chain
- Transparent Bridge Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with a Single Transparent Bridge Security Chain
- Configure Decryption Broker with Multiple Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
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- About Palo Alto Networks URL Filtering Solution
- How Advanced URL Filtering Works
- URL Filtering Use Cases
- Plan Your URL Filtering Deployment
- URL Filtering Best Practices
- Activate The Advanced URL Filtering Subscription
- Configure URL Filtering
- Test URL Filtering Configuration
- Log Only the Page a User Visits
- Create a Custom URL Category
- URL Category Exceptions
- Use an External Dynamic List in a URL Filtering Profile
- Allow Password Access to Certain Sites
- URL Filtering Response Pages
- Customize the URL Filtering Response Pages
- HTTP Header Logging
- Request to Change the Category for a URL
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
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- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
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- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
- Dynamic DNS Overview
- Configure Dynamic DNS for Firewall Interfaces
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
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- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Application Override Policy
- Test Policy Rules
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PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
-
- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
-
- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
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- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
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- Create BGP Routing Profiles
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- Create OSPF Routing Profiles
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- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
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PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
End-of-Life (EoL)
Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
Decryption requires keys and certificates to establish
trust between a client and a server so the firewall can decrypt
encrypted traffic.
Keys are strings of numbers typically generated using
a mathematical operation involving random numbers and large primes.
Keys transform strings—such as passwords and shared secrets—from
unencrypted plaintext to encrypted ciphertext and from encrypted
ciphertext to unencrypted plaintext. Keys can be symmetric (the same
key is used to encrypt and decrypt) or asymmetric (one key is used
for encryption and a mathematically related key is used for decryption).
Any system can generate a key.
X.509 certificates establish trust between a client and a server
to establish an SSL connection. A client attempting to authenticate
a server (or a server authenticating a client) knows the structure
of the X.509 certificate and therefore knows how to extract identifying
information about the server from fields within the certificate,
such as the FQDN or IP address (called a common name or CN within
the certificate) or the name of the organization, department, or
user to which the certificate was issued. A certificate authority
(CA) must issue all certificates. After the CA verifies a client
or server, the CA issues the certificate and signs it with a private key.
If you have two CAs (DeviceCertificate ManagementDevice Certificates) with the same
subject and key, and one CA expires, delete (custom) or disable
(predefined) the expired CA. If you do not delete or disable an
expired CA, the firewall can build a chain to the expired CA if
it is enabled in the trusted chain resulting in a Block page.
When you apply a decryption policy to traffic, a session between
the client and the server is established only if the firewall trusts
the CA that signed the server certificate. In order to establish
trust, the firewall must have the server root CA certificate in
its certificate trust list (CTL) and use the public key contained
in that root CA certificate to verify the signature. The firewall
then presents a copy of the server certificate signed by the Forward
Trust certificate for the client to authenticate. You can also configure
the firewall to use an enterprise CA as a forward trust certificate
for SSL Forward Proxy. If the firewall does not have the server
root CA certificate in its CTL, the firewall will present a copy
of the server certificate signed by the Forward Untrust certificate to
the client. The Forward Untrust certificate ensures that clients
are prompted with a certificate warning when attempting to access
sites hosted by a server with untrusted certificates.
For detailed information on certificates, see Certificate Management.
To control the trusted CAs that your firewall trusts, use
the DeviceCertificate
ManagementCertificatesDefault
Trusted Certificate Authorities tab on
the firewall web interface.
The following table describes the different certificates Palo
Alto Networks firewalls use for decryption.
Certificates Used With
Decryption | Description |
---|---|
Forward Trust (Used for SSL Forward Proxy decryption) | The certificate the firewall presents to
clients during decryption if the site the client is attempting to
connect to has a certificate signed by a CA that the firewall trusts.
To configure a Forward Trust certificate on the firewall to present
to clients when the server certificate is signed by a trusted CA,
see Configure
SSL Forward Proxy. By default, the firewall determines
the key size to use for the client certificate based on the key
size of the destination server. However, you can Configure the Key Size for SSL Proxy Server
certificates. For added security, consider storing the private key
associated with the Forward Trust certificate on a hardware security
module (see Store Private Keys on an HSM). Back up the private key associated with
the firewall’s Forward Trust CA certificate (not the firewall’s
master key) in a secure repository so that if an issue occurs with
the firewall, you can still access the Forward Trust CA certificate.
For added security, consider storing the private key associated
with the Forward Trust certificate on a hardware security module
(see Store Private Keys on an HSM). |
Forward Untrust (Used for SSL Forward Proxy decryption) | The certificate the firewall presents to
clients during decryption if the site the client is attempting to
connect to has a certificate that is signed by a CA that the firewall
does not trust. To configure a Forward Untrust certificate on the
firewall, see Configure
SSL Forward Proxy. |
SSL Inbound Inspection | The certificates of the servers on your
network for which you want to perform SSL Inbound Inspection of
traffic destined for those servers. Import the server certificates
onto the firewall. Beginning in PAN-OS 8.0, firewalls
use the Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (ECDHE) algorithm
to perform strict certificate checking. This means that if the firewall
uses an intermediate certificate, you must reimport the certificate
from your web server to the firewall after you upgrade to a PAN-OS
8.0 or later release and combine the server certificate with the
intermediate certificate (install a chained certificate). Otherwise,
SSL Inbound Inspection sessions that have an intermediate certificate
in the chain will fail. To install a chained certificate:
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