Prepare Your Firewall for IoT Security
Table of Contents
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- Firewall and PAN-OS Support of IoT Security
- IoT Security Prerequisites
- Onboard IoT Security
- Onboard IoT Security on VM-Series Firewalls with Software NGFW Credits
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- DHCP Data Collection by Traffic Type
- Firewall Deployment Options for IoT Security
- Configure a Pre-PAN-OS 10.0 Firewall with a DHCP Server
- Configure a Pre-PAN-OS 10.0 Firewall for a Local DHCP Server
- Use a Tap Interface for DHCP Visibility
- Use a Virtual Wire Interface for DHCP Visibility
- Use ERSPAN to Send Mirrored Traffic through GRE Tunnels
- Use DHCP Server Logs to Increase Device Visibility
- Plan for Scaling when Your Firewall Serves DHCP
- Prepare Your Firewall for IoT Security
- Configure Policies for Log Forwarding
- Control Allowed Traffic for Onboarding Devices
- Support Isolated Network Segments
- IoT Security Integration with Prisma Access
- IoT Security Licenses
- Offboard IoT Security Subscriptions
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- Introduction to IoT Security
- IoT Security Integration with Next-generation Firewalls
- IoT Security Portal
- Vertical-themed Portals
- Device-to-Site Mapping
- Sites and Site Groups
- Networks
- Reports
- IoT Security Integration Status with Firewalls
- IoT Security Integration Status with Prisma Access
- Data Quality Diagnostics
- IoT Security Integrations with Third-party Products
- IoT Security and FedRAMP
Prepare Your Firewall for IoT Security
Configure your firewall to collect network traffic metadata,
forward it to the logging service, and (for PAN-OS 10.0 or later)
install a device certificate.
The following steps describe how to enable
logging service on a next-generation firewall and configure it to
obtain and log network traffic metadata. It then explains how to
forward the collected metadata to the cloud-based logging service
where IoT Security uses it to identify various IoT devices on the
network.
The steps below assume you already completed the
IoT Security onboarding process but still need to do the following:
- Install a device license and a logging service license on your firewalls.
- Install certificates on your firewalls.
- Configure your firewalls to collect network traffic metadata.
- Configure your firewalls to forward the collected metadata in logs to the logging service.
- Enable Device-ID on zones with devices that you want to monitor and protect with Security policy rules.
- (Optional) Create service routes and Security policy rules to permit firewalls to communicate with the logging service, IoT Security, and update server through a data interface.
For
additional details about configuring a firewall for IoT Security,
see Device-ID.
- Install a device license and a logging service license on your firewalls.After onboarding IoT Security, log in to each of your firewalls, click, and then selectDeviceLicensesRetrieve license keys from license serverin the License Management section.This installs the licenses for IoT Security and the logging service on the firewall.When the time comes to renew IoT Security licenses, use this retrieval function on your firewalls so that they extend their license expiration dates.
- Generate a one-time password (OTP) and pre-shared key (PSK) to get device and logging service certificates.For information about the sites that next-generation firewalls contact to authenticate certificates when communicating with IoT Security, see IoT Security Integration with Next-generation Firewalls.
- Log in to the IoT Security portal as a user with owner privileges. To be able to generate OTPs and PSKs, your user account must have been created in the Customer Support Portal (CSP) and assigned a superuser role in the relevant tenant service group (TSG) in Identity & Access. A superuser role in the hub provides owner privileges in IoT Security.
- Select.AdministrationFirewallsOTP/PSK Generation
- If you manage your firewalls with Panorama, chooseYesand enter its serial number. This will link your Panorama management server with the applications in this TSG. You can find the Panorama serial number in your Customer Service Portal account in. After you chooseAssetsDevicesYesand enter your Panorama serial number, IoT Security displays the materials you need to get the certificate or certificates that firewalls need to secure their connections with IoT Security and the logging service.To get a device certificate, follow the link to the Customer Support Portal and log in to your account. To generate an OTP or PSK to get a logging service certificate, click theGenerateicon next to each field.If you don’t use Panorama, chooseNo. Because an OTP for a logging service certificate applies only to Panorama, it isn’t shown.Consider the following points when deciding which certificates you need and how to generate them:Device Certificate: From PAN-OS 10.0, firewalls require a device certificate to authenticate with IoT Security and, from PAN-OS 10.1, to also authenticate with the logging service. To generate and install a device certificate on firewalls directly and through Panorama:
- Generate and install a device certificate on each firewall.
- Use Panorama to generate and install a device certificate on one or more firewalls.
Logging Service Certificate – One-Time Password: An OTP is necessary for Panorama to verify itself with its logging service instance and obtain logging service certificates for Panorama-managed firewalls running PAN-OS 8.1-10.0. A logging service certificate authenticates firewalls with the logging service.- Log in to theCustomer Service Portal.
- SelectandProductsDevice CertificatesGenerate OTP.
- For the Device Type, selectGenerate OTP for Panoramaand then clickNext.
- Choose thePanorama Deviceserial number,Generate OTP, and then download or copy the OTP.
- Log in to the Panorama Web Interface as an admin user and selectandPanoramaSetupManagementDevice CertificateGet certificate.
- Paste the OTP and then clickOK.
Logging Service Certificate – Pre-Shared Key: A PSK is necessary to generate a logging service certificate on firewalls without Panorama management running PAN-OS 9.0.6-10.0.x. A logging service certificate authenticates firewalls with the logging service. To generate a logging service certificate:- Regenerate the PSK if necessary and copy it.
- Log in to your PAN-OS 9.0.6-10.0.x firewall and select.DeviceSetupManagement
- In the Cortex Data Lake section, clickConnectnext to Onboard without Panorama.This opens the Onboard without Panorama dialog box.
- Paste the PSK andConnect.The firewall first connects to the Customer Support Portal, submits the PSK, and downloads a logging service certificate. It then uses the certificate to authenticate itself and connect securely to the logging service.
- Click theEditicon (gear) for Cortex Data Lake. SelectEnable Cortex Data LakeandEnable Enhanced Application Logging.orIf you have an IoT Security-Doesn’t Require Data Lake license, selectEnable Duplicate Logging (Cloud and On-Premises)andEnable Enhanced Application Logging.
- Choose the region where the logging service will ingest logs from your firewalls.For PA-7000 and PA-5200 models, enter the number of connections for sending logs from the firewall to the logging service. The range is 1-20 and the default is 5.
- When done, clickOK.The term “Cortex Data Lake” is a bit of a misnomer. The firewall forwards logs to the logging service, which only streams them to Cortex Data Lake if you’re using it for data retention. An IoT Security, Doesn’t Require Data Lake subscription doesn’t use Cortex Data Lake at all, but it still requires that this setting be enabled.
- Make sure your firewall is set up to apply policy to DHCP traffic between DHCP clients and their DHCP server and to log their traffic.For detailed instructions about setting up firewalls to capture and log DHCP traffic, see Firewall Deployment for DHCP Visibility.If the firewall is running a PAN-OS 10.0 release or later with a DHCP server on one of its interfaces, enableDHCP Broadcast Sessionon. This setting is supported on all firewalls running PAN-OS 10.1.10 or later, PAN-OS 10.2.4 or later, and PAN-OS 11.0.1 or later. (For more information, see Firewall Deployment Options for IoT Security.)DeviceSetupSessionIn addition to detecting devices with dynamically assigned IP addresses, IoT Security also discovers and identifies devices with static IP addresses. To learn about the multiple methods IoT Security uses to do this and how you can assist, see Devices with Static IP Addresses.
- To forward logs to the logging service, clickand then clickObjectsLog ForwardingAdd.Configure a log forwarding profile on the firewall to send enhanced application logs to the logging service so the IoT Security app can ingest network traffic data. Optionally, instead of adding a new profile, you can edit an existing one.
- In the Log Forwarding Profile, enter a name such as Log-Forwarding, clickEnable enhanced application logging to Cortex Data Lake (including traffic and url logs), and then clickOK.Enhanced application logging was introduced in PAN-OS 8.1.A list of enhanced application Logs automatically populates the page and forwards all logs per type to the logging service. SelectingEnable enhanced application logging to Cortex Data Lake (including traffic and url logs)enables the firewall to capture packet payload data (EALs) in addition to session metadata (regular logs) for these different log types. When this log forwarding profile is attached to a Security policy rule to control traffic, the firewall forwards both types of data to the logging service. You cannot delete any of these logs from the profile nor modify any of the filters in the Filter column, which are the default "All Logs" filter.The following describes each log type, explains if IoT Security uses it, and what its purpose is:
- traffic– Traffic logs contain entries for the end of each network session and, optionally, the start of a network session. IoT Security uses traffic logs to identify devices, generate policy rule recommendations, risk assessment, device behavior anomaly detection, correlate sessions, and raise security alerts.
- threat– Threat logs contain entries for when network traffic matches one of the security profiles attached to a next-generation firewall Security policy rule. IoT Security uses threat logs to assess risks, detect vulnerabilities, raise security alerts, and generate policy rule recommendations.
- wildfire– WildFire® logs contain entries for when WildFire security profiles are attached to a Security policy rule and files are traversing the network. IoT security uses WildFire logs to detect IoT-specific file-based attacks, raise security alerts, and generate policy rule recommendations.
- url– URL logs are written whenever network traffic matches a URL filtering profile attached to a Security policy rule. IoT Security does not currently use URL filtering logs.
- data– Data logs can represent either a successful file data transfer or an attempted file transfer that was blocked by the firewall. IoT Security does not currently use data logs.
- gtp(When GTP is enabled) – GTP logs are written whenever a firewall is processing GPRS Tunneling Protocol traffic. IoT Security does not currently use GTP logs.
- sctp(When SCTP is enabled) – SCTP logs are written whenever a firewall is processing Stream Control Transmission Protocol traffic. IoT Security does not currently use SCTP logs.
- tunnel– Tunnel logs are written whenever a firewall is processing Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) or null encryption IPsec traffic. They contain metadata about the traffic inside these types of tunnels. IoT Security does not currently use tunnel logs.
- auth– Auth logs contain information about authentication events seen by the firewall. These occur when users access network resources which are controlled by authentication policy rules. IoT Security does not currently use auth logs.
- decryption– Although IoT Security uses decrypted SSL data to improve device identification, risk assessment, and threat detections, it doesn’t use decryption logs, which are helpful when troubleshooting issues with decryption.
If you name the log forwarding profile “default” (all lowercase), the firewall will automatically apply it to new Security policy rules when they’re created—or when they’re imported from IoT Security. Doing this will save you time and effort when importing Security policy rule recommendations from IoT Security. Because imported rule recommendations don’t include a log forwarding profile, you have to add one manually to each rule after you import it. However, by naming the profile “default”, you can avoid this step. (Note that the “default” log forwarding profile will be applied when adding new Security policy rules, but it won’t be retroactively applied to existing rules.) - Enable log forwarding on Security policy rules.On Security policy rules that apply to traffic whose data you want to collect, enable log forwarding and choose the log forwarding profile you just created to send enhanced application logs for this traffic to the logging service. For information, see Configure Policies for Log Forwarding.
- Enable Device-ID in each zone where you want to use it to detect devices and enforce your Security policy rules.For detailed configuration instructions, see Configure Device-ID in the PAN-OS Administrator’s Guide.
- (Optional) Create service routes.By default, firewall uses its Management interface to send data logs to the logging service, get recommended policy rule sets and IP address-to-device mappings from IoT Security, and download device dictionary files from the update server. When a firewall uses its Management interface for all this, a service route and a Security policy rule are not needed.However, when a firewall accesses the logging service, IoT Security, and update server through a data interface, then you must add a service route identifying the source data interface, source interface IP address, and service type. In addition, you must add an interzone Security policy rule permitting Data Services from 127.168.0.0/16 to the destination zone where the logging service, IoT Security, and update server are.When a firewall generates traffic that it sends through a data interface, it uses an IP address in the 127.168.0.0/16 subnet as its internal source and then translates it to the IP address of the source interface. Because Security policy rules are applied to the original source IP address before NAT, the source IP address must be 127.168.0.0/16 instead of the IP address of the source interface.
- If necessary, configure the data interface you want to use as the source interface for required IoT Security communications.
- Selectand then selectDeviceSetupServicesService Route ConfigurationCustomize.
- On the IPv4 tab, selectData Servicesand then choose the data interface you want to use as the Source Interface.Its IP address autofills the Source Address field. This service route is for forwarding enhanced application logs (EALs) to the logging service.Device-ID and IoT Security do not support IPv6.
- ClickOK.
- ClickIoT, choose the same data interface as the Source Interface, and then clickOK.This service route is for pulling IP address-to-device mappings and policy recommendations from IoT Security.
- ClickPalo Alto Networks Services, choose the same data interface, and then clickOK.This service route is for forwarding other logs besides EALs to the logging service and for pulling device dictionary files from the update server.
- ClickOKto save your configuration changes.
- (Optional) If you created service routes in the previous step, add Security policy rules permitting services required for the firewall to use IoT Security.
- Select.PoliciesSecurity+ Add
- On the General tab, enter a name for the Security policy rule and chooseinterzoneas the Rule Type.
- On the Source tab, selectAnyas the source zone and thenAdd 127.168.0.0/16as the source address.
- On the Destination tab,Addthe destination zone with IoT Security, andAddthe edge services FQDN for your region as the destination address.
- On the Application tab,Add paloalto-iot-security.The firewall uses this application to pull IP address-to-device mappings and policy recommendations from IoT Security.
- On the Actions tab, chooseAllowand then clickOK.
- If you have an intranet policy rule that allows all intranet traffic in the zone where the logging service and update server are, you can use that rule to allow the firewall to forward logs to the logging service and pull dictionary files from the update server.Otherwise, create an intranet policy rule that allows the firewall to send these three applications to the logging service and update server from the IP address of the firewall interface in the same zone:paloalto-shared-servicesto forward EALs and session logs to the logging servicepaloalto-logging-serviceto forward other logs besides EALs to the logging servicepaloalto-updatesto pull device dictionary files from the update server
- Commityour configuration changes.After the configuration is committed, the firewall begins generating logs and forwarding them to the logging service. You can use the Explore app in the hub to see the progress of log forwarding between the firewall and the logging service.