Restrict Network Access

Although policy recommendations enforce trusted behaviors for IoT devices, they only take effect when device behavior changes. However, if

IoT Security

detects elevated risk on a device, perhaps caused by business-critical devices running obsolete operating systems, and you want to take preventive action before an exploit is launched, you need to take a different approach from behavior-based policy rules.

IoT Security

provides another option that lets you restrict network access to a specific IoT device or group of IoT devices that have the same issue, such as those susceptible to or suspected of compromise.

To accomplish this, first create a Security policy rule in which Source Device is any device whose category is “Restricted” and the action in the rule is Deny. Position this rule above all other device-based rules in the rules list. Otherwise, there’s a chance that a rule based on the profile attribute, or on some other attribute, will occlude it. Similarly, make sure the “Restricted” rule is above

any

rule that might occlude it, even those not using Device-ID.

Then, in the

IoT Security

portal, enable the network traffic restriction feature but don’t use it to restrict access yet. Notice that firewalls won’t apply the new rule because none of the IP address-to-device mappings have a category attribute that matches “Restricted”.

When you restrict network access for one or more devices,

IoT Security

immediately changes the category attribute for them from their real device categories to “Restricted” and sends firewalls new IP address-to-device mappings for them. When traffic reaches a firewall from a device with the “Restricted” category attribute, it applies the security rule you created, denying it access to the network.

Although the accompanying illustrations show how a firewall enforces a “category=Restricted” rule instead of another device-based Security policy rule, it’s not necessary for the other rule to be device based. You can also restrict network access for an IoT device even when a firewall permits its access based on source IP address, service, application, or any other factor or combination of factors.

Later, after the security issue is resolved, you derestrict devices, which returns the IP address-to-device mapping for them to their previous categories. As a result, their category attributes no longer match the “Restricted” rule and the devices will be permitted to access the network as determined by other rules.

Notes:

To support Device-ID and IP address-to-device mappings, firewalls must be running PAN-OS 10.0 or later. To support the traffic restriction feature, firewalls must have device dictionary file 16-253 or later. Both the PAN-OS software version and device dictionary version appear in the General Information section on the PAN-OS web interface Dashboard.
Traffic restriction is only applicable for devices with a high identity confidence score of 90 or above.
A confidence score indicates the level of confidence
IoT Security
has in its identification of a device.
IoT Security
has three confidence levels based on calculated confidence scores: high (90-100%), medium (70-89%), and low (0-69%).
This feature restricts network access but doesn’t completely quarantine a device. Depending on network design, a restricted device can still access those parts of the network it can reach without traversing a firewall.
Only an
IoT Security
user with owner privileges can enable and disable the feature.

Configure a Security policy rule that denies traffic from any device whose Device-ID attribute for Category is “Restricted”.
These instructions explain how to configure a security policy rule in the PAN-OS web UI. You can also configure it through Panorama.
Log in to the web UI on your firewall, click
Policies
Security
, and then click
Add
to create a new Security policy rule. On the General tab, enter a name for the rule such as
Restrict IoT network access
.

On the Source tab, click
Add
in the Source Device section and then click
Device
. In the Device Object dialog box that appears, enter a name, choose
Restricted
for Category, and then click
OK
.

Select the device object you just created as the source device and select
Any
for the source zone and address.

On the Destination tab, select
Any
for the destination zone, address, and device.

On the Actions tab, choose
Deny
as the action. If the firewall forwards logs to
Cortex Data Lake
, Panorama, or some other external log server, choose a log forwarding profile. Even for a rule that denies traffic, logs provide visibility into what the restricted device was attempting to connect with and are useful during remediation. Click
OK
to save the Security policy rule configuration.

Move the rule above other policy rules.

Enable traffic restriction in the
IoT Security
portal.
Log in to the
IoT Security
portal with owner privileges, click
Policy Sets
Settings
, and then toggle
Restrict device traffic via firewall policy
.
The following user roles have
IoT Security
owner privileges: account administrator, app administrator, instance administrator, and owner.

A pop-up panel appears. Read how traffic restriction works and then click
Next
.

Select
I have created the policy
and then click
Next
.

Read where to restrict traffic in the
IoT Security
portal and then click
Enable
.

Restrict IoT devices.
As stated in step 3/3 of the Enable Traffic Restriction panel, there are three places in the
IoT Security
portal where you can restrict network traffic: vulnerability instances on a Vulnerability Details page, a Security Alert Details page, and a Device Details page. Each place, or point of restriction, is described below.
Although only an owner can enable and disable the ability to restrict network traffic, either an owner or an administrator can use the feature to impose a restriction on a device or release one from restriction. For more information about user roles, see Create IoT Security Users.
Vulnerability Instance as the Point of Restriction
To restrict one or more IoT devices on the Vulnerability Details page, click
Risks
Vulnerabilities
and then click a vulnerability name.
If the Confidence Level column is hidden, click the Columns icon ( ) and select it. Select one or more vulnerability instances with a high confidence score of 90 or above and then click
More
Restrict Traffic
.

Review the list of vulnerable or potentially vulnerable devices whose traffic will be restricted, optionally add a note for future reference, and then click
Confirm
.

The entry for this device in the Restricted Traffic column changes from
No
to
Yes
, indicating that its traffic is being restricted. If you don’t see the Restricted Traffic column, click the Columns icon ( ) and select
Restricted Traffic
. A new entry appears in the Vulnerability Responses column. Hover your cursor over the entry to see a history of actions taken.

The Device Details page for the traffic-restricted device adds a
Restricted Device
label next to the device name. If you hover your cursor over the label, a pop-up appears with the time and point of restriction and a link to a vulnerability, security alert, or device details page. In this case, it would be a link to a Vulnerability Details page. The pop-up also includes any notes you made.

Security Alert as the Point of Restriction
To restrict an IoT device with a specific security alert, click
Alerts
Security Alerts
and then click an alert name. On the Alert Details page, click
Action
Restrict Traffic
.

If the confidence score of the impacted device is below 90, the following message appears. The confidence score appears in the Impacted Device section on the Alert Details page.

If the confidence score is 90 or above, the Restrict Traffic dialog box appears.

Review the device whose traffic will be restricted, optionally add a note for future reference, and then click
Confirm
.
A new label appears at the top of the Alert Details page stating
Traffic Restricted Yes
and a new entry appears in the Alert Events column.

The Device Details page for the traffic-restricted device adds a
Restricted Device
label next to the device name. When you hover your cursor over the label, a pop-up appears with the time you started restricting traffic; a link to the point of restriction, which in this case would be to a Security Alert Details page; and any notes you made.
IoT Device Details as the Point of Restriction
To restrict a single IoT device on the Device Details page, click
Devices
and then the name of one of the devices in the inventory table. In the Identity section at the top of the Device Details page, click the
Action
icon (three vertical dots)
Restrict Traffic
.

Check that the device whose traffic will be restricted is correct, optionally add a note for future reference, and then click
Confirm
.

The
IoT Security
portal adds a
Restricted Device
label next to the device name on the Device Details page. When you hover your cursor over the label, a pop-up appears with the time you started restricting traffic; a link to the point of restriction, which in this case would be to the same Device Details page you’re already on; and any notes you made.
On the Devices page, the entry for this device in the Restricted Traffic column changes from
No
to
Yes
, indicating that its traffic is being restricted. If you don’t see the Restricted Traffic column, click the Columns icon ( ) and select
Restricted Traffic
in the Traffic section.

View all restricted devices.
On the Policy Sets page, click the number of restricted devices displayed in the Overview panel.

The Devices page opens with a filter applied to show only restricted devices in the inventory table.

After investigating and remediating a traffic-restricted device, derestrict traffic for it.
To derestrict traffic for a device, repeat the same process as you did to restrict traffic but click
Derestrict Traffic
.
You can derestrict multiple vulnerability instances in bulk. Select one or more instances on the Vulnerability Details page and then click
More
Derestrict Traffic
.
For other traffic-restricted devices, view the inventory on the Devices page with the Restricted Traffic filter applied. Then click device names one by one to open the Device Details page for each one and click the
Action
icon (three vertical dots)
Derestrict Traffic
.
To disable the feature completely, click
Policy Sets
, toggle off
Restrict device traffic via firewall policy
, and then
Confirm
the action. When you do,
IoT Security
cancels all existing device traffic restrictions. It also changes the entries in the Vulnerability Response column (Risks > Vulnerabilities > vulnerability_name) and Last Action column (Alerts > Security Alerts) for these devices to
Device was derestricted
.