ECMP
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Next-Generation Firewall Docs
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Cloud Management of NGFWs
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
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- Configure a Filter Access List
- Configure a Filter Prefix List
- Configure a Filter Community List
- Configure a BGP Filter Route Map
- Configure a Filter Route Maps Redistribution List
- Configure a Filter AS Path Access List
- Configure an Address Family Profile
- Configure a BGP Authentication Profile
- Configure a BGP Redistribution Profile
- Configure a BGP Filtering Profile
- Configure an OSPF Authentication Profile
- Configure a Logical Router
- Configure a Static Route
- Configure OSPF
- Configure BGP
- Configure an IPSec Tunnel
- Web Proxy
- Cheat Sheet: GlobalProtect for Cloud Management of NGFWs
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PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
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- Tap Interfaces
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- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
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- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
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- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
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- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
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- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
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Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
ECMP
Equal Cost Multiple Path (ECMP) processing is a networking
feature that enables the firewall to use up to four equal-cost routes
to the same destination. Without this feature, if there are multiple
equal-cost routes to the same destination, the virtual router chooses
one of those routes from the routing table and adds it to its forwarding
table; it will not use any of the other routes unless there is an
outage in the chosen route.
Enabling ECMP functionality on a virtual router allows the firewall
to have up to four equal-cost paths to a destination in its forwarding
table, allowing the firewall to:
- Load balance flows (sessions) to the same destination over multiple equal-cost links.
- Efficiently use all available bandwidth on links to the same destination rather than leave some links unused.
- Dynamically shift traffic to another ECMP member to the same destination if a link fails, rather than having to wait for the routing protocol or RIB table to elect an alternative path/route. This can help reduce downtime when links fail.
ECMP is supported on all Palo Alto Networks® firewall models, also with hardware
forwarding support on the PA-7000 Series, PA-5200 Series, and PA-3200 Series. VM-Series
firewalls support ECMP through software only. Performance is affected for sessions that
cannot be hardware offloaded.
ECMP is supported on Layer 3, Layer 3 subinterface, VLAN, tunnel,
and Aggregated Ethernet interfaces.
ECMP can be configured for static routes and any of the dynamic
routing protocols the firewall supports.
ECMP affects the route table capacity because the capacity is
based on the number of paths, so an ECMP route with four paths will
consume four entries of route table capacity. ECMP implementation
might slightly decrease the route table capacity because more memory
is being used by session-based tags to map traffic flows to particular
interfaces.
ECMP is not supported for equal-cost routes where one or more of those routes has a virtual
router as the next hop. None of the equal-cost routes will be installed in the
Forwarding Information Base (FIB).
For information about ECMP path selection when an HA peer fails,
see ECMP in Active/Active HA Mode.
The following sections describe ECMP and how to configure it.