Manage Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+) BPDU Rewrite
Table of Contents
Expand All
|
Collapse All
Next-Generation Firewall Docs
-
PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management of NGFWs
-
- Management Interfaces
-
- Launch the Web Interface
- Configure Banners, Message of the Day, and Logos
- Use the Administrator Login Activity Indicators to Detect Account Misuse
- Manage and Monitor Administrative Tasks
- Commit, Validate, and Preview Firewall Configuration Changes
- Export Configuration Table Data
- Use Global Find to Search the Firewall or Panorama Management Server
- Manage Locks for Restricting Configuration Changes
-
-
- Define Access to the Web Interface Tabs
- Provide Granular Access to the Monitor Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Policy Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Objects Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Network Tab
- Provide Granular Access to the Device Tab
- Define User Privacy Settings in the Admin Role Profile
- Restrict Administrator Access to Commit and Validate Functions
- Provide Granular Access to Global Settings
- Provide Granular Access to the Panorama Tab
- Panorama Web Interface Access Privileges
-
- Reset the Firewall to Factory Default Settings
-
- Plan Your Authentication Deployment
- Configure SAML Authentication
- Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On
- Configure Kerberos Server Authentication
- Configure TACACS+ Authentication
- Configure RADIUS Authentication
- Configure LDAP Authentication
- Configure Local Database Authentication
- Configure an Authentication Profile and Sequence
- Test Authentication Server Connectivity
- Troubleshoot Authentication Issues
-
- Keys and Certificates
- Default Trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs)
- Certificate Deployment
- Configure the Master Key
- Export a Certificate and Private Key
- Configure a Certificate Profile
- Configure an SSL/TLS Service Profile
- Replace the Certificate for Inbound Management Traffic
- Configure the Key Size for SSL Forward Proxy Server Certificates
-
- HA Overview
-
- Prerequisites for Active/Active HA
- Configure Active/Active HA
-
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Route-Based Redundancy
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with ARP Load-Sharing
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Floating IP Address Bound to Active-Primary Firewall
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA with Source DIPP NAT Using Floating IP Addresses
- Use Case: Configure Separate Source NAT IP Address Pools for Active/Active HA Firewalls
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT
- Use Case: Configure Active/Active HA for ARP Load-Sharing with Destination NAT in Layer 3
- Refresh HA1 SSH Keys and Configure Key Options
- HA Firewall States
- Reference: HA Synchronization
-
- Use the Dashboard
- Monitor Applications and Threats
- Monitor Block List
-
- Report Types
- View Reports
- Configure the Expiration Period and Run Time for Reports
- Disable Predefined Reports
- Custom Reports
- Generate Custom Reports
- Generate the SaaS Application Usage Report
- Manage PDF Summary Reports
- Generate User/Group Activity Reports
- Manage Report Groups
- Schedule Reports for Email Delivery
- Manage Report Storage Capacity
- View Policy Rule Usage
- Use External Services for Monitoring
- Configure Log Forwarding
- Configure Email Alerts
-
- Configure Syslog Monitoring
-
- Traffic Log Fields
- Threat Log Fields
- URL Filtering Log Fields
- Data Filtering Log Fields
- HIP Match Log Fields
- IP-Tag Log Fields
- User-ID Log Fields
- Tunnel Inspection Log Fields
- SCTP Log Fields
- Authentication Log Fields
- Config Log Fields
- System Log Fields
- Correlated Events Log Fields
- GTP Log Fields
- Syslog Severity
- Custom Log/Event Format
- Escape Sequences
- Forward Logs to an HTTP/S Destination
- Firewall Interface Identifiers in SNMP Managers and NetFlow Collectors
-
- User-ID Overview
- Enable User-ID
- Map Users to Groups
- Enable User- and Group-Based Policy
- Enable Policy for Users with Multiple Accounts
- Verify the User-ID Configuration
-
- App-ID Overview
- App-ID and HTTP/2 Inspection
- Manage Custom or Unknown Applications
-
- Apply Tags to an Application Filter
- Create Custom Application Tags
- Workflow to Best Incorporate New and Modified App-IDs
- See the New and Modified App-IDs in a Content Release
- See How New and Modified App-IDs Impact Your Security Policy
- Ensure Critical New App-IDs are Allowed
- Monitor New App-IDs
- Disable and Enable App-IDs
- Safely Enable Applications on Default Ports
- Applications with Implicit Support
- Application Level Gateways
- Disable the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG)
- Maintain Custom Timeouts for Data Center Applications
-
- Best Practices for Securing Your Network from Layer 4 and Layer 7 Evasions
- Set Up Antivirus, Anti-Spyware, and Vulnerability Protection
- Set Up File Blocking
- Prevent Brute Force Attacks
- Customize the Action and Trigger Conditions for a Brute Force Signature
- Enable Evasion Signatures
- Monitor Blocked IP Addresses
- Threat Signature Categories
- Create Threat Exceptions
- Custom Signatures
- Threat Prevention Resources
-
- Decryption Overview
-
- Keys and Certificates for Decryption Policies
- SSL Forward Proxy
- SSL Forward Proxy Decryption Profile
- SSL Inbound Inspection
- SSL Inbound Inspection Decryption Profile
- SSL Protocol Settings Decryption Profile
- SSH Proxy
- SSH Proxy Decryption Profile
- Decryption Profile for No Decryption
- SSL Decryption for Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Certificates
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) Support for SSL Decryption
- SSL Decryption and Subject Alternative Names (SANs)
- High Availability Support for Decrypted Sessions
- Decryption Mirroring
- Configure SSL Forward Proxy
- Configure SSL Inbound Inspection
- Configure SSH Proxy
- Configure Server Certificate Verification for Undecrypted Traffic
- Enable Users to Opt Out of SSL Decryption
- Temporarily Disable SSL Decryption
- Configure Decryption Port Mirroring
- Verify Decryption
-
- How Decryption Broker Works
- Layer 3 Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with One or More Layer 3 Security Chain
- Transparent Bridge Security Chain Guidelines
- Configure Decryption Broker with a Single Transparent Bridge Security Chain
- Configure Decryption Broker with Multiple Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Activate Free Licenses for Decryption Features
-
- About Palo Alto Networks URL Filtering Solution
- How Advanced URL Filtering Works
- URL Filtering Use Cases
- Plan Your URL Filtering Deployment
- URL Filtering Best Practices
- Activate The Advanced URL Filtering Subscription
- Configure URL Filtering
- Test URL Filtering Configuration
- Log Only the Page a User Visits
- Create a Custom URL Category
- URL Category Exceptions
- Use an External Dynamic List in a URL Filtering Profile
- Allow Password Access to Certain Sites
- URL Filtering Response Pages
- Customize the URL Filtering Response Pages
- HTTP Header Logging
- Request to Change the Category for a URL
-
-
- Tap Interfaces
-
- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
- Virtual Routers
- Service Routes
- RIP
- Route Redistribution
-
- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
- Dynamic DNS Overview
- Configure Dynamic DNS for Firewall Interfaces
-
- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
-
- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
-
-
- Policy Types
- Policy Objects
- Track Rules Within a Rulebase
- Enforce Policy Rule Description, Tag, and Audit Comment
- Move or Clone a Policy Rule or Object to a Different Virtual System
-
- External Dynamic List
- Built-in External Dynamic Lists
- Configure the Firewall to Access an External Dynamic List
- Retrieve an External Dynamic List from the Web Server
- View External Dynamic List Entries
- Exclude Entries from an External Dynamic List
- Enforce Policy on an External Dynamic List
- Find External Dynamic Lists That Failed Authentication
- Disable Authentication for an External Dynamic List
- Register IP Addresses and Tags Dynamically
- Use Dynamic User Groups in Policy
- Use Auto-Tagging to Automate Security Actions
- CLI Commands for Dynamic IP Addresses and Tags
- Application Override Policy
- Test Policy Rules
-
PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.1 & Later
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
-
- Tap Interfaces
-
- Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packets over a Virtual Wire
- Port Speeds of Virtual Wire Interfaces
- LLDP over a Virtual Wire
- Aggregated Interfaces for a Virtual Wire
- Virtual Wire Support of High Availability
- Zone Protection for a Virtual Wire Interface
- VLAN-Tagged Traffic
- Virtual Wire Subinterfaces
- Configure Virtual Wires
- Configure a PPPoE Client on a Subinterface
- Configure an IPv6 PPPoE Client
- Configure an Aggregate Interface Group
- Configure Bonjour Reflector for Network Segmentation
- Use Interface Management Profiles to Restrict Access
-
- DHCP Overview
- Firewall as a DHCP Server and Client
- Firewall as a DHCPv6 Client
- DHCP Messages
- Dynamic IPv6 Addressing on the Management Interface
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Server
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv4 Client
- Configure an Interface as a DHCPv6 Client with Prefix Delegation
- Configure the Management Interface as a DHCP Client
- Configure the Management Interface for Dynamic IPv6 Address Assignment
- Configure an Interface as a DHCP Relay Agent
-
- DNS Overview
- DNS Proxy Object
- DNS Server Profile
- Multi-Tenant DNS Deployments
- Configure a DNS Proxy Object
- Configure a DNS Server Profile
- Use Case 1: Firewall Requires DNS Resolution
- Use Case 2: ISP Tenant Uses DNS Proxy to Handle DNS Resolution for Security Policies, Reporting, and Services within its Virtual System
- Use Case 3: Firewall Acts as DNS Proxy Between Client and Server
- DNS Proxy Rule and FQDN Matching
-
- NAT Rule Capacities
- Dynamic IP and Port NAT Oversubscription
- Dataplane NAT Memory Statistics
-
- Translate Internal Client IP Addresses to Your Public IP Address (Source DIPP NAT)
- Create a Source NAT Rule with Persistent DIPP
- PAN-OS
- Strata Cloud Manager
- Enable Clients on the Internal Network to Access your Public Servers (Destination U-Turn NAT)
- Enable Bi-Directional Address Translation for Your Public-Facing Servers (Static Source NAT)
- Configure Destination NAT with DNS Rewrite
- Configure Destination NAT Using Dynamic IP Addresses
- Modify the Oversubscription Rate for DIPP NAT
- Reserve Dynamic IP NAT Addresses
- Disable NAT for a Specific Host or Interface
-
- Network Packet Broker Overview
- How Network Packet Broker Works
- Prepare to Deploy Network Packet Broker
- Configure Transparent Bridge Security Chains
- Configure Routed Layer 3 Security Chains
- Network Packet Broker HA Support
- User Interface Changes for Network Packet Broker
- Limitations of Network Packet Broker
- Troubleshoot Network Packet Broker
-
- Enable Advanced Routing
- Logical Router Overview
- Configure a Logical Router
- Create a Static Route
- Configure BGP on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create BGP Routing Profiles
- Create Filters for the Advanced Routing Engine
- Configure OSPFv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPF Routing Profiles
- Configure OSPFv3 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create OSPFv3 Routing Profiles
- Configure RIPv2 on an Advanced Routing Engine
- Create RIPv2 Routing Profiles
- Create BFD Profiles
- Configure IPv4 Multicast
- Configure MSDP
- Create Multicast Routing Profiles
- Create an IPv4 MRoute
-
-
PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.2
- PAN-OS 11.1
- PAN-OS 11.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 10.2
- PAN-OS 10.1
- PAN-OS 10.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.1 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 9.0 (EoL)
- PAN-OS 8.1 (EoL)
- Cloud Management and AIOps for NGFW
End-of-Life (EoL)
Manage Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+) BPDU Rewrite
In a Layer 2 deployment, the firewall rewrites the inbound
port VLAN ID in a Cisco per-VLAN spanning tree (PVST+) or Rapid
PVST+ BPDU. Manage PVST+ BPDUs.
When an interface on the firewall is configured
for a Layer 2 deployment,
the firewall rewrites the inbound Port VLAN ID (PVID) number in
a Cisco per-VLAN spanning tree (PVST+) or Rapid PVST+ bridge protocol
data unit (BPDU) to the proper outbound VLAN ID number and forwards
the BPDU out. This default behavior beginning in PAN-OS 7.1 allows
the firewall to correctly tag Cisco proprietary PVST+ and Rapid
PVST+ frames between Cisco switches in VLANs on either side of the
firewall so that spanning tree loop detection using Cisco PVST+
and Rapid PVST+ can function properly. The firewall is not participating
in the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) election process and there is
no behavior change for other types of spanning tree.
The
Cisco switch must have the loopguard disabled for the PVST+ or Rapid
PVST+ BPDU rewrite to function properly on the firewall.
This
feature is supported on Layer 2 Ethernet and Aggregated Ethernet
(AE) interfaces only. The firewall supports a PVID range of 1 to
4,094 with a native VLAN ID of 1 to be compatible with the Cisco
native VLAN implementation.
To support the PVST+ BPDU rewrite
feature, PAN-OS supports the concept of a PVST+ native VLAN. Frames
sent to and received from a native VLAN are untagged with a PVID
equal to the native VLAN. All switches and firewalls in the same
Layer 2 deployment must have the same native VLAN for PVST+ to function
properly. Although the Cisco native VLAN defaults to vlan1, the
VLAN ID could be a number other than 1.
For example, the firewall
is configured with a VLAN object (named VLAN_BRIDGE), which describes
the interfaces and subinterfaces that belong to a switch or broadcast
domain. In this example, the VLAN includes three subinterfaces: ethernet1/21.100
tagged with 100, ethernet1/22.1000 tagged with 1000, and ethernet1/23.1500
tagged with 1500.
The subinterfaces belonging to VLAN_BRIDGE
look like this:

The sequence
in which the firewall automatically rewrites the PVST+ BPDU is shown
in the following graphic and explanation:

- The Cisco switch port belonging to VLAN 100 sends a PVST+ BPDU—with the PVID and 802.1Q VLAN tag set to 100—to the firewall.
- The firewall interfaces and subinterfaces are configured as a Layer 2 interface type. The ingress subinterface on the firewall is tagged with VLAN 100, which matches the PVID and VLAN tag of the incoming BPDU, so the firewall accepts the BPDU. The firewall floods the PVST+ BPDU to all other interfaces belonging to the same VLAN object (in this example, ethernet1/22.1000 and ethernet1/23.1500). If the VLAN tags did not match, the firewall would instead drop the BPDU.
- When the firewall floods the BPDU out through other interfaces (belonging to the same VLAN object), the firewall rewrites the PVID and any 802.1Q VLAN tags to match the VLAN tag of the egress interface. In this example, the firewall rewrites the BPDU PVID from 100 to 1000 for one subinterface and from 100 to 1500 for the second subinterface as the BPDU traverses the Layer 2 bridge on the firewall.
- Each Cisco switch receives the correct PVID and VLAN tag on the incoming BPDU and processes the PVST+ packet to detect possible loops in the network.
The following CLI operational
commands allow you to manage PVST+ and Rapid PVST+ BPDUs.
- Globally disable or re-enable the PVST+
and Rapid PVST+ BPDU rewrite of the PVID (default is enabled).set session rewrite-pvst-pvid <yes|no>
- Set the native VLAN ID for the firewall (range is 1 to
4,094; default is 1).If the native VLAN ID on your switch is a value other than 1, you must set the native VLAN ID on the firewall to that same number; otherwise, the firewall will drop packets with that VLAN ID. This applies to trunked and non-trunked interfaces.set session pvst-native-vlan-id <vid>
- Drop all STP BPDU packets.set session drop-stp-packet <yes|no>Examples of why you might want to drop all STP BPDU packets:
- If there is only one switch on each side of the firewall and no other connections between the switches that can cause a loop, then STP is not required and can be disabled on the switch or blocked by the firewall.
- If there is a misbehaving STP switch inappropriately flooding BPDUs, you can stop the STP packets at the firewall to stop the BPDU flood.
- Verify whether PVST+BPDU rewrite is enabled, view the
PVST native VLAN ID, and determine whether the firewall is dropping
all STP BPDU packets.show vlan allpvst+ tag rewrite: disabledpvst native vlan id: 5drop stp: disabledtotal vlans shown: 1name interface virtual interfacebridge ethernet1/1ethernet1/2ethernet1/1.1ethernet1/2.1
- Troubleshoot PVST+ BPDU errors.show counter globalLook at the flow_pvid_inconsistent counter, which counts the number of times the 802.1Q Tag and PVID fields inside a PVST+ BPDU packet don’t match.